tiistaina, helmikuuta 27, 2007

Greyn sisarukset

Jane ja Catherine Grey (Marystä ei ole kuvaa)

Henrik VIII:n avio-ongelmat ovat tiedossa. Niiden myrskyisät seuraukset ulottuivat laajalle. Pääpulma oli miespuolisen perijän puute. Henrik sai ensimmäisen vaimonsa Katariina Aragonialaisen kanssa tyttären, mutta kaikki pojat kuolivat vauvoina. Niinpä Henrik vaihtoi vaimoa - Anna Boleyn oli seuraava ehdokas. Hänkin sai tytön, Elisabeth I:n. Henrik vaihtoi taas vaimoa, ja Jane Seymour onnistui tuottamaan pojan, Edwardin. (Sen jälkeen Henrik hankki vielä kolme vaimoa, mutta he eivät saaneet yhtään lasta.)

Kun Henrik kuoli, vaikeudet alkoivat. Hän oli vaihtanut vaimojen ohella myös uskontoa, ja sen jälkeen Englannin historiaa hallitsi pitkään katolisten ja protestanttien kiista (tässä yhteydessä en lähde erottelemaan anglikaaneja puritaaneista, koska päätekijä oli katolisten ja muiden ero).

Edvard-poika oli luotettavasti ja tanakasti protestantti ja lisäksi poika. Suru vain, että hän kuoli keuhkotautiin. Henrikin aviokiistojen aikana kumpikin tytär oli vuorollaan julistettu aviottomaksi. Kuolinvuoteellaan Edvard nimesi perijäkseen serkkunsa, protestanttisen Jane Greyn, joka tuli tunnetuksi "yhdeksän päivän kuningattarena".

Henrik VIII:lla oli nimittäin kaksi sisarta. Vanhempi sisar Margaret oli naitettu Skotlantiin, ja hänen tyttärentyttärensä oli Mary Stuart (Skotlannissa Stewart), Skotlannin kuningatar. Margaretin toisen avioliiton oli jälkeläinen oli lordi Darnley (jonka Mary Stuart myöhemmin vahingokseen nai).

Toinen sisar Mary nai Suffolkin herttuan, ja hänen tyttärentyttärensä olivat Jane, Catherine ja Mary Grey. Greyn tytöt, Skotlannin Mary ja lordi Darnley olivat siis kaikki serkuksia (tai suomalaisittain pikkuserkkuja).

Skotlannin Mary oli katolinen, joten protestanttinen Jane Grey oli enemmän Edwardin mieleen. Henrikin Mary (valitan, Maryjä riittää) onnistui kuitenkin saamaan kansan suosion ja nousi kuningattareksi. Hän pani Jane Greyn ja hänen miehensä Toweriin. Kun Greyn tyttöjen isä sotkeutui avoimeen kapinaan, Jane Grey yhdessä miehensä, isänsä, appensa ja miehensä kanssa mestattiin. Jane Grey oli seitsemäntoista, oppinut, hurskas ja kiltti - niin kerrotaan.

Ennen mestaustaan Jane lähetti pikkusiskolleen Catherinelle lahjaksi kirjan seuraavan kirjeen saattelemana:

' I have sent you, good sister Catherine, a book, which although it be not outwardly trimmed with gold, yet inwardly it is more worthy than precious stones. It is the book, dear sister, of the laws of the lord: It is His Testament and Last Will, which He bequeathed unto us wretches, which shall lead you to the path of eternal joy, and if you, with a good mind read it, and with an earnest desire, follow it, it shall bring you to an immortal and everlasting life. It will teach you to live and learn you to die.... It shall win you more than you should have gained by the possession of your woeful father's lands, for as if God prospered him, you shall inherit his lands.... [it holds] such riches as neither the covetous shall withdraw from you, neither the thief shall steal, neither let the moth corrupt.... And as touching my death, rejoice as I do and consider that I shall be delivered of this corruption and put on incorruption, for as I am assured that I shall for losing of a mortal life, find an immortal felicity. Pray God grant you and send you his grace to live in the love...
Farewell good sister, put only your trust in God, who only must uphold you,
Your loving sister, Jane Duddley' [Dudley oli Jane Greyn aviomiehen nimi]


Catherine oli neljäntoista ja naitettu samalla kuin Janekin. Catherinen aviomies oli Pembroken jaarlin perijä. Pembroke kuitenkin pelkäsi tahraa maineessaan Jane Greyn vuoksi ja antoi julistaa avioliiton mitättömäksi. Kuningatar Mary - Maria Verinen - oli ystävällinen Catherinelle ja pikkusisko Marylle. Hän kuitenkin kuoli, ja Elisabeth julistettiin kuningattareksi.

Elisabethilla oli syytä pelätä Catherinea. Englannissa oli voimakas puolue, joka kannatti Catherinea kuningattareksi. Hänkin oli protestantti, ja toisin kuin Elisabeth, kiistatta aviolapsi. Espanja havitteli Catherinen kättä (ja valmistautui ryöstämään koko tytön, jos tarvetta ilmenisi). Toinen vallantavoittelija, Skotlannin Mary, oli Ranskan kruununperijän leski, joten Espanja halusi vastapainon. Elisabeth oli tuonut julki haluttomuutensa mennä naimisiin. Tähän aikaan pidettiin vielä selvänä, että kuningattaren aviomies oli se, joka hallitsi.

Sitten Catherine meni ja syyllistyi täydelliseen idioottimaisuuteen. Hän nai salaa Somersetin herttuan pojanpojan. He olivat jo Maryn aikaan salaa kihloissa, vaikkakin nuori Edward Seymour oli tiettävästi katsellut muualtakin sopivaa vaimoa. Somersetin herttua, Edward Seymour, oli ollut nuoren kuningas Edwardin holhooja ja vaarallisen kunnianhimoinen mies. Maria Verinen mestautti hänet. Hänen poikansa arvonimi oli Hertfordin jaarli, jonka pojan Catherine siis nai. Tämä yhdistelmä, Catherine Grey ja nuori Seymour, oli todella vaarallinen Elisabethille, joka näihin aikoihin osoitti Englannin tilanteen horjuvuuden sairastumalla isoonrokkoon, johon hän melkein kuoli.

Catherine Grey tuli raskaaksi eikä enää voinut salata tilaansa. Elisabeth passitti hänet ja aviomiehen Toweriin, missä Catherine synnytti terveen pojan. Avioliitto julistettiin kiireellä mitättömäksi (ainoa todistaja, Jane Seymour, sulhasen sisar, oli kuollut keuhkotautiin, eikä vihkimisen suorittanutta pappia löydetty mistään; viisas mies ilmoittautui vasta viisikymmentä vuotta myöhemmin).

Nuori pari onnistui tapaamaan toisiaan Towerissa ja tuottamaan toisenkin terveen pojan. Tässä vaiheessa Elisabeth passitti molemmat eri linnoihin mahdollisimman kauas toisistaan. Seitsemän vuoden vankeuden jälkeen Catherine kuoli keuhkotautiin 27-vuotiaana. Nuori aviomies vapautettiin, hän meni uusiin, lapsettomiin naimisiin ja lopulta, kuningatar Elisabethin kuoleman jälkeen, sai poikansa julistetuksi laillisiksi (se katoileva kirkonmies löytyi tässä vaiheessa).

Greyn perheen nuorin tytär Mary oli kyttyräselkäinen, mutta hänkin onnistui menemään salaiseen avioliittoon kuningattaren portinvartijan Thomas Keyesin kanssa (luonnollisesti hoviarvonimi, ei todellinen). Jos Keyesillä oli joitakin toiveita kruunusta, ne raukesivat; liitto oli lapseton ja Mary kuoli 33-vuotiaana.

Useasti väitetään, että Elisabeth oli mustasukkainen hovineidoistaan eikä halunnut antaa näiden mennä naimisiin. Kyse ei ollut siitä, vaan Elisabethin epävarmasta asemasta naimattomana kuningattarena miesten maailmassa. Mahtisuvut olivat kaikki potentiaalisesti vaarallisia; jokaisessa avioliitossa piili vallankaappauksen mahdollisuus. Tässä maailmassa romanttinen rakkaus ei ollut vain hassutusta; se oli rikollista.

Salaiset avioliitot kulkivat suvussa. Catherine Greyn pojanpoika Edward (kahlaamme myös Edwardeissa!)suututti Jaakko VI:n naimalla salaa Arbella Stuartin, joka myös oli suoraa linjaa Henrik VIII:n Margaret-sisaren jälkeläinen. Häntä jopa ajateltiin Elisaberth I:n seuraajaksi. Arbella ja Edward karkasivat yhdessä, Arbella pojaksi pukeutuneena, mutta heidät saatiin kiinni Ranskan rannikolla.

Tämä kaikki osoittaa, miksi Elisabeth päätti jäädä historiaan neitsytkuningattarena - voi kuvitella, mikä sotku hänen avioliitostaan olisi seurannut. Nyt potin vei lopulta Skotlannin Maryn poika Jaakko, joka yhdisti Brittein saaret yhden ja saman kruunun alaisuuteen.

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